Count the headcount in one department
Count how many people sit in a single department on a staff list.
COUNTIF
HR data is small, sensitive and full of dates — which makes date arithmetic and careful conditional logic the core skills.
Headcount by department, tenure, time-to-hire, turnover rate, salary banding. The datasets rarely run to thousands of rows, but the calculations feed decisions about real people, so being approximately right is not acceptable.
Averages that mislead. Mean salary in a small team is dragged badly by one senior figure, and reporting it without the median produces a number that is technically correct and practically wrong.
Calculating tenure from a hire date, counting headcount with several conditions, and knowing when a median tells the truer story than a mean.
11 exercises using the situations above. Work down the levels — each one assumes the one before it.
One function, one step, a small and tidy dataset.
Count how many people sit in a single department on a staff list.
COUNTIF
Divide leavers by average headcount to get a turnover percentage.
Subtract leave taken from entitlement to see what each person has left.
Stamp the current date into a cell as a fixed value.
Use IF to label each rep as meeting or missing their target.
IF
Mark an order when either of two independent conditions is true.
OR · IF
Two or three functions combined, or one function with conditions.
Return the right rate from several tiers without nesting.
IFS
Check whether a salary falls below or above its grade band.
OR · IF
Add up overtime for a single team out of a mixed timesheet.
SUMIF
Count people in one department whose last review was long enough ago.
COUNTIFS
Nested logic across a realistic dataset, with edge cases that bite.
Prefer to work in real Excel? Download the practice files — the same datasets with the answer cells left blank. You lose the feedback, which is the part that does the teaching.
These are not specific to human resources — they are the keystrokes and the misconceptions that catch everyone out, whatever the spreadsheet is about.
Open a cell for editing without reaching for the mouse or the formula bar.
Copy the cell above into the cells you have selected, without dragging.
Stamp the current date into a cell as a fixed value.
Pin down what $ changes about a reference, and what it does not.
Read an error code as a diagnosis rather than a failure.
Extend a selection to the last filled row in one press.
Cycle a reference through its absolute and relative forms while editing.
Reach the paste-special dialog to drop formulas and keep results.
Identify the one situation VLOOKUP genuinely cannot handle.
VLOOKUP · XLOOKUP
Pick the right summary statistic for a set with one huge outlier.
AVERAGE · MEDIAN
Recall the argument order that differs between SUMIF and SUMIFS.
SUMIF · SUMIFS
Diagnose a match failure where both values look identical on screen.
XLOOKUP