Convert loose units into full cases
Divide a unit count by the case size to see how many cases were ordered.
A business analyst turns a vague question into a number someone will act on, and has to be able to defend how they got there.
Translating a question into a measurable metric, comparing segments, and building reporting that someone else can rerun next month. The spreadsheet is as much a document of your reasoning as a calculation.
Building something that only works once. A one-off analysis with values pasted in cannot be rerun, so next month it is rebuilt from scratch — and the two versions disagree.
Conditional aggregation, defining a metric precisely, and being asked to walk through how a figure was derived.
33 exercises using the situations above. Work down the levels — each one assumes the one before it.
One function, one step, a small and tidy dataset.
Divide a unit count by the case size to see how many cases were ordered.
Count how many people sit in a single department on a staff list.
COUNTIF
Divide leavers by average headcount to get a turnover percentage.
Express clicks as a percentage of the impressions that earned them.
Divide campaign spend by the leads it generated.
Use the median to describe a set of orders that one huge deal has skewed.
MEDIAN
Turn separate year, month and day columns into a real date Excel understands.
DATE
Two or three functions combined, or one function with conditions.
Extend a selection to the last filled row in one press.
Cycle a reference through its absolute and relative forms while editing.
Identify the one situation VLOOKUP genuinely cannot handle.
VLOOKUP · XLOOKUP
Pick the right summary statistic for a set with one huge outlier.
AVERAGE · MEDIAN
Recall the argument order that differs between SUMIF and SUMIFS.
SUMIF · SUMIFS
Match a customer ID against a reference table to return their region.
XLOOKUP
Apply two conditions at once to a conditional sum.
SUMIFS
Count rows that satisfy several criteria at once.
COUNTIFS
Return one of three labels depending on where a value falls.
IF
Compare the second-best and second-worst weeks to get a fairer range.
LARGE · SMALL
Cut a combined location field at the comma without counting characters by hand.
LEFT · FIND
Narrow a count with three criteria at once rather than filtering by hand.
COUNTIFS
Guard a division so cancelled lines do not fill the report with errors.
IF
Apply an upper and a lower bound to the same column at once.
COUNTIFS
Count people in one department whose last review was long enough ago.
COUNTIFS
Add up spend for a single channel out of a mixed campaign list.
SUMIF
Build a conditional average out of a conditional sum and a conditional count.
SUMIF · COUNTIF
Nested logic across a realistic dataset, with edge cases that bite.
Repair a formula written in SUMIF's argument order instead of SUMIFS'.
SUMIFS
Anchor one end of a range so it grows as the formula moves down the column.
SUM
Add up the top three values without sorting the data or using a helper column.
LARGE
Use absolute references so a lookup does not break when copied down a column.
XLOOKUP
Return a readable message instead of #N/A when a lookup finds nothing.
XLOOKUP
Combine ranking with a lookup to return a name, not just a number.
LARGE · INDEX · MATCH
Produce a summary line combining count, total and average for one region.
COUNTIF · SUMIF
Write one formula that stays correct filled both across and down a grid.
SUMIFS
Return a name from one column based on a ranked value in another.
INDEX · MATCH · SMALL
Prefer to work in real Excel? Download the practice files — the same datasets with the answer cells left blank. You lose the feedback, which is the part that does the teaching.
These are not specific to business analyst — they are the keystrokes and the misconceptions that catch everyone out, whatever the spreadsheet is about.
Open a cell for editing without reaching for the mouse or the formula bar.
Copy the cell above into the cells you have selected, without dragging.
Stamp the current date into a cell as a fixed value.
Pin down what $ changes about a reference, and what it does not.
Read an error code as a diagnosis rather than a failure.
Extend a selection to the last filled row in one press.
Cycle a reference through its absolute and relative forms while editing.
Reach the paste-special dialog to drop formulas and keep results.
Identify the one situation VLOOKUP genuinely cannot handle.
VLOOKUP · XLOOKUP
Pick the right summary statistic for a set with one huge outlier.
AVERAGE · MEDIAN
Recall the argument order that differs between SUMIF and SUMIFS.
SUMIF · SUMIFS
Diagnose a match failure where both values look identical on screen.
XLOOKUP